Everyone wants to know, what’s the best state to form my LLC in? The answer is almost always your home state. That is, the state where you do business. This is true even if you live and work in a tax heavy state like Connecticut. Forming your LLC in an excitingly low-tax state like Wyoming is really only advantageous if your business has no physical location, no employees, and operates only online. The reason for this is, you’ll likely need to register your LLC in the state where you do business anyway, thus nullifying any advantage of forming elsewhere.
You probably have a company name in mind. But there are a few important steps you need to take before you submit that name to the state.
Also, be aware that your LLC will need to have a corporate name ending like LLC. For example, if you were to name your company Wally’s Widgets, the legal company name would need to be something like Wally’s Widgets LLC.
The term, registered agent is a bland title for an extremely important piece of your LLC.
A registered agent is an individual or business that serves as the official point of contact for your LLC. If your LLC gets sued, the lawsuit is delivered to your LLC’s registered agent. If the state needs to send a tax document to your LLC, it’s sent to your registered agent. If someone looks up your company in the state database, they’ll find the contact details for your registered agent.
We’re breaking advantages of hiring a registered agent out into its own section, not because we think you should hire an additional service, but to better explain what registered agents do and provide a clear explanation of they’re really offering.
If you get sued, a registered agent will accept the service of process (lawsuit) and send you a digital notification. They should provide an online account through which you can access and store a variety of business documents and view everything you need to be aware of, including any upcoming maintenance or annual reports that need to be filed with your state. All this is a nice perk but not necessarily vital.
This is where we think messaging gets a cloudy. If this is your first business, you’re probably pumped to let the world know you started a business, and you should be. Privacy is likely the last thing you’re concerned about. But you might want to be.
Our digital age has brought with it a wild amount of new privacy concerns. When you hire a registered agent, they’ll list their address and contact information wherever they can on public record. We’re not talking about being a sketchy anonymous company, this is simply adding a layer of address security and protection of your personal information on the web.
While an LLC operating agreement doesn’t officially form your LLC, it does lay out all the rules for how it will function, who is responsible for what, how membership will work, how profits and losses will be split, pretty much everything. Most websites recommend doing this after you officially form your LLC, but it really makes sense to do this beforehand, as once you start the LLC, you already have planned out how it will function.
For an LLC operating agreement, you can hire an attorney to draft one for you, but that’s definitely the most expensive route, and likely they’ll already be working off a template.
You can, of course, draft an operating agreement yourself, and they really don’t need to be fancy. Even something simple written on a napkin could work, but you’ll probably want to at least cover the basics. Try to include the following:
If you take the time to try to address all of the bulleted list in writing and have all members sign the document, you’ve just created an operating agreement.
Most states do not require that you create an operating agreement. You do not file the operating agreement with any government agency. However, you’d be risking a lot to start an LLC with other people and not have an operating agreement signed by all the members. If a legal dispute arises between members, the operating agreement will be relied upon in court. Even if the language isn’t fancy, it’ll serve essentially as a contract between members that they agree to the rules of the LLC. The operating agreement is the rules.
The LLC Articles of Organization is the document filed with the state that formally creates your LLC. Each state will have its own requirements. Some states even call the document a certificate of formation. But no matter what it’s called, you’ll need to file this document in the state where you want to form the LLC.
Fortunately, you’ll be able to form your LLC online in almost every state. Just visit your local secretary of state’s website and find their business services section and go from there. The other commonality is that you’ll need to pay a filing fee. Depending on the state, this fee ranges from $10 to $800, but most are around the $100 range.
Generally, you’ll need to include the following in your LLC Articles of Organization:
The EIN is essentially your LLC’s social security number. This is the number that you’ll use when filing taxes, opening a bank account, hiring employees. It’s important.
Fortunately, you can get an EIN online for free on the IRS website if you have a Social Security Number. Simply follow the prompts on the IRS website after you’ve formed your LLC, and you’ll have one in about 15 minutes. That said, most LLC formation services can obtain an EIN for you, and many include this service in their formation packages.
The process of obtaining an EIN is only slightly more complicated if you are a non-US resident without an SSN. In this case, you can still get an EIN for free, but you must file Form SS-4 by fax or mail. It’s a little more of a hassle, but non-US citizens can still get the EIN. You can also hire most LLC formation services to do this for you for an additional fee.
One final note about obtaining the EIN. Wait until your LLC has been approved by the state before doing so. If you try to get an EIN before your LLC is approved and the LLC is denied, you’re going to be in for a lot of headaches and confusion with the federal government. Just be patient, wait for your filing to come back from the state, then get your EIN.
Not all states have general business licenses, but depending on the state you may be required to obtain various permits and licenses to operate your LLC. We recommend first checking out your local secretary of state’s website for specifics. The US Small Business Administration also has a wide array of free resources.
Even if your state does not require any business license registrations, be aware that your local municipality may. They may even have their own sales tax rate. Before making your first sale, we highly recommend visiting your city or town’s website and figuring out if there are any additional requirements for your LLC.
Opening a bank account in the name of your LLC is the final step in starting an LLC. It may seem like it’s unimportant, but in reality, it’s absolutely crucial.
Opening a bank account in your LLC’s name is what will fully separate business assets from personal assets. This is extremely important because if your LLC gets sued and all its assets are in your personal bank account, a court may rule that their is no difference between you and your assets, which will allow a creditor to take everything from you. The solution to avoiding that is to keep a strict separation of personal and business assets. A business bank account is your primary piece of separation.
To open an LLC business bank account, you’ll need all of the following:
Additionally, each bank may have its own requirements. We highly recommend calling your bank to understand its requirements before arriving in person. Most banks don’t open a lot of business checking accounts, so person in charge may be unfamiliar with its own requirements. Calling ahead will save you time and hassle.